Thursday 23 May 2013

NFC - Short Range Radio Technology


NFC

      NFC  (Near Field Communication) is a short-range radio technology works in the 13.56 Mhz spectrum, can greatly simplify how a user gathers data and interacts with their environment and one device to other device. When a phone touches, or is held near an NFC tag or another NFC capable device, the phone can exchange data with that tag or device. It uses  radio-frequency identification (RFID) standards such as RF layer iso 18092 + ISO 14443 Type A,Type B + Felica. NFC builds upon RFID systems by allowing two-way communication between endpoints short distances. 


    NFC makes life easier and much more convenient for consumers around the world by making it simpler to exchange digital content, and connect electronic devices with a touch. NFC also offers mobile payment system by simple touch the NFC enabled smart phones, no need to take credit cards or any other. Unfortunately this is available in some countries such as USA,UK but it would reach every part of the world with in few years. 

      A standards-based connectivity technology, NFC harmonizes today's diverse contact less technologies, enabling current and future solutions in areas such as:
  • Access control
  • Consumer electronics
  • Healthcare
  • Information collection and exchange
  • Loyalty and coupons
  • Payments
  • Transport
      NFC complements many popular consumer level wireless technologies, by utilizing the key elements in existing standards for contact less card technology (ISO/IEC 14443 A&B and JIS-X 6319-4). NFC can be compatible with existing contact less card infrastructure and enables a consumer to utilize one device across different systems. Extending the ability of the contact less card technology, NFC also enables devices to share information at a distance less than 4 centimeters with a maximum communication speed of 424 kbps. Users can share business cards, make transactions, access information from smart posters or provide credentials for access control systems with a simple touch.


      NFC’s bidirectional communication ability is ideal for establishing connections with other technologies by the simplicity of touch. For example if the user wants to connect their mobile device to their stereo to play media, they can simply touch the device to the stereo’s NFC touch point and the devices will negotiate the best wireless technology to use.

NFC works in three modes, such as 
  • Reader/Writer 
  • Peer-2-peer and 
  • card emulation.
 Illustration which describes the different components of the technical architecture of NFC is


FEATURES:
  • Intuitive: NFC interactions require no more than a simple touch
  • Versatile: NFC is ideally suited to the broadest range of industries, environments, and uses
  • Open and standards-based: The underlying layers of NFC technology follow universally implemented ISO, ECMA, and ETSI standards
  • Technology-enabling: NFC facilitates fast and simple setup of wireless technologies, such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, etc.)
  • Inherently secure: NFC transmissions are short range (from a touch to a few centimeters)
  • Inter-operable: NFC works with existing contact less card technologies
  • Security-ready: NFC has built-in capabilities to support secure applications.



Wednesday 22 May 2013

iPhone 6 - Next iPhone series

iPhone 6


      Apple Inc. is the world"s biggest smartphone maker by volume and world's second-largest information Technology Company by revenue after Samsung Electronics. On January 2007 Steve Jobs introduced the long-anticipated iPhone & it released June 2007. After a year later Apple announced iPhone 3G and it released June 2008. On June 2009 Apple announced the iPhone 3GS provide incremental update to the device, including faster internal components, support for faster 3G speeds, video recording capability and voice control. Another a year later (June 2010) iPhone 4 announced and describes “biggest leap we've taken" since its first model. On October of next year Apple unveiled the iPhone 4S.


      On September 12, 2012, Apple introduced the sixth-generation iPhone which is nothing but the iPhone 5 with 4-inch display 4G LTE supportable and the main thing is upgraded Apple A6 chip. These are the evolution of iPhone by Apple. Rumour information not seem too sure whether next iPhone is iPhone 5S or iPhone 6. In the iPhone history, from iPhone 3G onwards there is a half step S model before the next numbered iPhone.

SOME iPhone 6 SPECIFICATIONS:

      It may have a big ultra HD transparent screen, themed applications and customizable UI. Home button is going to be touch and camera might be 10 or 13-megapixel. LED notifications on the sides of the phone that will light up different colours for different notifications as in Sony Xperia series. It will have the best battery and NFC.


OVERVIEW:
      Apple iPhone 5 runs on Apple’s mobile operating system known as iOS 6, In iPhone 6 processor may be iOS7 because Android offers Widgets and Windows 8 a cleaner interface, it's fair to say that iOS is starting to look a bit dated. It stands to reason that the iPhone 6 will goes with iOS 7. In the display part It goes to the Retina display, in which we can't see the individual pixels when used at a normal distance defined by Apple about retina display. Apple could move to a Full HD (1,920x1,080 resolution) or even beyond. In terms of storage (flash memory) iPhone 6 to be 128GB storage capacity, iPhone 5 have a 64GB is the highest. Apple has recently bought indoor location tracking start-up WifiSLAM for $20m, so iPhone 6 will have indoor mapping. Apple has bought the company outright, so it's likely that its technology will be integrated directly into iOS products, rather than being available for third-party use.




      Now the iPhone 5 has a dual-core Apple A6 processor, but a quad-core Apple A7 processor to be in iPhone 6, using ARM Cortex A15-based cores. As I told earlier next iPhone has transparent display. While the entire display is completely transparent, the top and bottom areas may remain opaque, with all of the hardware features inserted into these very tiny compartments. In additional to display, it takes A7 processor for "even better" performance.

      I am also eagerly waiting for next iPhone announcement by Apple Inc. So wait and see what will happen.

SAMSUNG'S 5G (5th Generation Mobile technology)

SAMSUNG TESTED WORLD FASTEST 5G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY, RELEASE BY 2020.



      On May 12, 2013 Samsung successfully tested world's most advanced Fifth generation (5G) wireless technology. The Samsung revealed that it will commercially release by 2020. It's still an amazing improvement over what many people are experiencing now.

      Everybody hears the term "5G" in any researching papers and projects to denote the next major phase of mobile telecommunications standards beyond the current 4G/LTE, 3G standards. Till now (22.05.2013) company does not describe any particular specification officially. But, rumour says that we can smell the next side. It gives multiple concurrent data transfer paths. The company says its equipment is capable of transmitting data at more than 1Gbps across a distance of up to 2km (1.2 miles).It allows user to stream HD Blu-ray videos on the move.
    
       Milestone of 5G is Rahim Tafazolli. Who is the professor in the University of Surrey takes 5G research efforts - suggests that even if the latest development was used, it would only be "a small part of the larger jigsaw" of technologies needed to deliver 5G. His words his own £35m project to develop a 5G standard is funded by Samsung, Huawei, Telefonica Europe, Fujitsu Laboratories Europe etc. Samsung says it has developed the world's first "ADAPTIVE ARRAY TRANSCEIVER" technology, an innovation that allows part of the super-high-frequency band of the radio spectrum at 28GHz to be used for cellular data transmission.

      Samsung’s 5G network runs off of the 28GHz waveband. Samsung reportedly used 64 antenna elements to pull off the high-speed data transfer, and believes they can commercialize and implement their 5G network by 2020, which communicates in the millimetre-wave bands.

Some features of 5G:
  • ü Download HD movies in a few seconds.
  • ü 5G technology offers high resolution mobile user and bi-directional large bandwidth shaping.
  • ü Speed in Gbps.
  • ü The remote diagnostics also a great feature of 5G technology
  • ü Supports virtual private network and so on.

  News revealed that discussions about which part of the radio spectrum to use will take place at the UN's World Radio communication Conference in 2015.